What is ELISA?
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is a laboratory technique used to detect and quantify antigens or antibodies in biological samples.
The test relies on the highly specific binding between antigens and antibodies.
Basic Principle
The ELISA process involves:
- Coating
- Antigen or antibody is attached to a microplate well.
- Blocking
- Unoccupied sites are blocked to prevent nonspecific binding.
- Sample Addition
- Patient sample is added.
- Detection Antibody Addition
- Enzyme-linked antibody binds to the target.
- Washing
- Removes unbound materials.
- Substrate Addition
- Enzyme reacts with substrate to produce color.
- Measurement
- Color intensity is measured using an ELISA reader.
The amount of color produced is proportional to the concentration of the target analyte.